G.R.A.S. :
AKA: Generally Recognized As Safe
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WHERE: Sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act)
WHO: United States Food and Drug Administration
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS :
WHAT: All pet foods must list guarantees for Crude Protein (minimum), Crude Fat (minimum), Crude Fiber (maximum), and Moisture (maximum). Other guarantees are dependent upon claims made for the product. (paraphrase from the AAFCO 2020 Official Publication)
WHY: There are 8 labeling requirements needed on any product of pet food sold in the United States. The Guaranteed Analysis is one of them.
HOW: Typically, a laboratory performs a proximate analysis of the food in question for the four key nutrients plus ash content (minerals). The more batches that are analyzed the closer the Guaranteed Analysis will be to the stated information on the food product.
WHERE: Must be listed on the label of all food products for pets and usually on the accompanying manufacturer website.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Does not give a complete nutritional view of a food. For example, carbohydrates are not included in most guaranteed analysis even as they make up a bulk of most commercial dry pet foods.
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KILOCALORIE :
AKA: kCAL, Calorie, Large Calorie, calorie
WHAT: A unit of measure: heat energy used to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.
WHY: A way to measure what is consumed by an animal. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates provide energy: fat approximately 9 kcals per gram, and 4 kcals for a gram of protein or carbohydrate.
HOW: The bonds that make up macronutrients like fat are broken down into smaller molecules. Enzymes are used to break these bonds and that releases energy that is used by the body. That energy is what is measured kcalories.
WHERE: The small calorie is a small unit of measure and not practical for everyday measurement. The traditional distinction was made with a lower case “c” for small calorie and an upper case “C” for kilocalorie. They have become interchangeable in food science and the measurements refer to the kilocalorie.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The small calorie is a small unit of measure and not practical for everyday measurement. The traditional distinction was made with a lower case “c” for small calorie and an upper case “C” for kilocalorie. They have become interchangeable in food science and the measurements refer to the kilocalorie.
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